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Why is Dark Matter a Required Gravitational Component of Galaxies?
For most galaxies the mass density that we can measure due to its brightness decreases as one moves from…

Are There Galaxies That Are Moving Toward Each Other?
On large scales, beyond the distances over which galaxies can interact via their mutual gravitational force, galaxies all tend…

Why Does Dark Energy Dominate Outside Galaxies While Dark Matter is the Winner Inside Galaxies?
The reason that Dark Matter plays a larger role in the motions of objects within galaxies while Dark Energy…

How Many Stars do the Andromeda and Milky Way Galaxies Have?
The Andromeda Galaxy contains roughly one trillion stars, while the Milky Way Galaxy is estimated to contain roughly 250…

Andromeda Galaxy Satellite
I believe that the object to the lower-right in your image of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is one of…